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Some people don't have much of an idea of what the term means - and yet we come into contact with it every day. Electromagnetic radiation is always and everywhere. Sometimes we see it and even more often it remains hidden from our eyes.
In many cases, we have learned to use the properties of the different wavelengths in relation to the energy density. The use of lasers, for example, is one of the most promising fields. Some of these promises have long been fulfilled. Thus, we find lasers more and more frequently in medicine, in research and especially in industrial applications. But hey, cutting through sheet metal with focused light - that sounds kind of like Star Wars...!!!
But now back to the entire electromagnetic spectrum. There are many more uses for it anyway, which we will report on little by little in this blog. So let's start our exploration tour along the electromagnetic spectrum with the high-frequency range of gamma and X-ray radiation with less than 10 nanometres (nm). Heard of it? Well, probably even used it!
We continue with the UV range, where we already find the first common laser applications. Visible here is still just as little as we can see the UV component in solar radiation.
Now it becomes colourful. From about 380 nanometres (nm) we enter the visible range. Starting with violet radiation, through blue tones, green in its most beautiful shades, yellow, orange and last but not least the various red tones until the light then disappears into the infrared range again at approx. 780 nm and becomes invisible to our eyes.
This is where it gets exciting, because the infrared range is particularly useful for industrial applications. One of the most commonly used lasers, for example, is the Nd:YAG laser with its typical wavelength at 1064 nm. Here, only the process and the results are visible, but not the laser beam itself. These lasers are used to inscribe labels and other stickers on products, to engrave a wide variety of materials and, in the meantime, even to cut and/or weld thick sheets of metal.
This brings us to the higher wavelengths in the infrared range. Here we find a real veteran in laser applications. One that is still considered reliable and practical today. The CO₂ laser with its typically 10600 nm. It is not always easy to focus, but it reveals a variety of ways to deliver decent power to the target relatively efficiently and cheaply.
If we now continue our journey along the wavelengths, we say goodbye to the laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) and meet the maser (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) and old acquaintances. For example, microwave radiation with wavelengths between 1 and 10 centimetres (cm), which many people use to heat their food or "produce" mobile Internet. This is where opinions often diverge, because the benefits and risks are very close together in this area.
Then we come to radio waves with wavelengths between 1 metre (m) and 10 kilometres (km). They are used, for example, in induction hobs, to receive TV and radio or for geostrategic investigations and measures.
We can now conclude our journey with the low-frequency range. It has wavelengths between 10 and 100,000 kilometres (km) and is used, for example, for submarine communication.
So it's fascinating what electromagnetic radiation can do and, above all, what it is. Especially when you consider the ratio of the visible range compared to the invisible range. So there is a lot more going on in this world than we can see with the naked eye.
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